（英国政府卫生部 www.gov.uk/government/news/quit-for-a-week-and-save-a-day-say-health-experts 2024-12-30）Smokers are being urged to kick the habit for 2025 after a fresh assessment of the harms of cigarettes found they shorten life expectancy even more than doctors thought.
[urcr_restrict]一项对香烟危害的最新评估发现，香烟比医生预计的更能缩短人的寿命，这促使吸烟者在2025年戒烟。[/urcr_restrict]
Researchers at University College London found that on average a single cigarette takes about 20 minutes off a person’s life, meaning that a typical pack of 20 cigarettes can shorten a person’s life by nearly seven hours.
伦敦大学学院(University College London)的研究人员发现，一支香烟平均会让一个人的寿命缩短20分钟左右，这意味着一包20支香烟可以让一个人的寿命缩短近7个小时。
图片来源：naturopathic currents
According to the analysis, if a smoker on 10 cigarettes a day quits on 1 January, they could prevent the loss of a full day of life by 8 January. They could boost their life expectancy by a week if they quit until 5 February and a whole month if they stop until 5 August. By the end of the year, they could have avoided losing 50 days of life, the assessment found.
根据分析，如果一个每天吸10支香烟的吸烟者在1月1日戒烟，他们可以在1月8日之前防止丧失一整天的生命。如果他们在2月5日之前停止工作，他们的预期寿命可以延长一周; 如果他们在8月5日之前停止工作，他们的预期寿命可以延长一个月。评估发现，到今年年底，他们本可以避免失去50天的寿命。
“People generally know that smoking is harmful but tend to underestimate just how much,” said Dr Sarah Jackson, a principal research fellow at UCL’s alcohol and tobacco research group. “On average, smokers who don’t quit lose around a decade of life. That’s 10 years of precious time, life moments, and milestones with loved ones.”
伦敦大学学院酒精和烟草研究小组的首席研究员莎拉 · 杰克逊博士说： “人们普遍知道吸烟有害，但往往低估了其危害程度。”。“平均而言，不戒烟的烟民会损失10年左右的寿命。这是10年的宝贵时间，生命中的时刻，和爱人的里程碑。”
Smoking is one of the world’s leading preventable causes of disease and death, killing up to two-thirds of long-term users. It causes about 80,000 deaths a year in the UK and a quarter of all cancer deaths in England.
吸烟是世界上最主要的可预防疾病和死亡原因之一，导致三分之二的长期吸烟者死亡。在英国，每年约有8万人死于癌症，占全英癌症死亡人数的四分之一。
The study, commissioned by the Department of Health, draws on the latest data from the British Doctors Study, which began in 1951 as one of the world’s first large studies into the effects of smoking, and the Million Women Study, which has tracked women’s health since 1996.
这项由卫生部委托进行的研究，借鉴了英国医生研究的最新数据。英国医生研究始于1951年，是世界上第一个研究吸烟影响的大型研究之一，而百万女性研究则从1996年开始追踪女性的健康状况。
While an earlier assessment in the BMJ in 2000 found that on average a single cigarette reduced life expectancy by about 11 minutes, the latest analysis published in the Journal of Addiction nearly doubles the figure to 20 minutes – 17 minutes for men and 22 minutes for women.
2000年，BMJ 的一项早期评估发现，平均来说，一支香烟会使人的预期寿命缩短11分钟左右，而发表在《成瘾杂志》(Journal of Addictions)上的最新分析则将这一数字几乎翻了一番，达到20分钟——男性为17分钟，女性为22分钟。
“Some people might think they don’t mind missing out on a few years of life, given that old age is often marked by chronic illness or disability. But smoking doesn’t cut short the unhealthy period at the end of life,” Jackson told the Guardian. “It primarily eats into the relatively healthy years in midlife, bringing forward the onset of ill-health. This means a 60-year-old smoker will typically have the health profile of a 70-year-old non-smoker.”
“有些人可能认为他们不介意错过几年的生命，因为老年往往以慢性疾病或残疾为特征。但是吸烟并不能缩短生命结束时的不健康时期。”杰克逊告诉《卫报》。“它主要侵蚀中年时相对健康的年龄，导致疾病的发生。这意味着一个60岁的吸烟者通常具有一个70岁的不吸烟者的健康状况。”
Although some smokers live long lives, others develop smoking-related diseases and even die from them in their 40s. The variation is driven by differences in smoking habits such as the type of cigarette used, the number of puffs taken and how deeply smokers inhale. People also differ in how susceptible they are to the toxic substances in cigarette smoke.
虽然一些吸烟者寿命很长，但是其他人会患上与吸烟有关的疾病，甚至在40多岁时死于这些疾病。这种差异是由于吸烟习惯的差异造成的，例如吸烟的种类、吸烟的次数和吸烟者吸烟的深度。人们对香烟烟雾中的有毒物质的敏感程度也各不相同。
The authors stress that smokers must quit completely to get the full benefits to health and life expectancy. Previous work has shown there is no safe level of smoking: the risk of heart disease and stroke is only about 50% lower for people who smoke one cigarette a day compared with those who smoke 20 a day. “Stopping smoking at every age is beneficial, but the sooner smokers get off this escalator of death the longer and healthier they can expect their lives to be,” they write.
作者强调，吸烟者必须彻底戒烟，才能充分获得对健康和预期寿命的益处。先前的研究已经表明，吸烟没有安全水平： 每天吸一支烟的人比每天吸20支烟的人患心脏病和中风的风险仅低50% 左右。他们写道： “在每个年龄段停止吸烟都是有益的，但是吸烟者越早从死亡的电梯上下来，他们就能期望自己的生活更长久、更健康。”。
The Department of Health said smokers could find advice, support and resources on the NHS Quit Smoking app and the online Personal Quit Plan, which tailors its advice to individual’s preferences.
英国卫生部表示，吸烟者可以在 NHS 戒烟应用程序和在线个人戒烟计划中找到建议、支持和资源，该计划根据个人偏好制定建议。
