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Grammar and usage: To-infinitives as subjects and predicatives 语法:不定式作为主语和表语

    四、原文的完整语法结构

    Not that long ago, ​my first thought at mealtimes was to eat at a restaurant.​​
    (分析:本句中,“to eat at a restaurant” 是 ​不定式短语作表语,用于说明主语 “my first thought” 的具体内容。结构为:系动词 was + 不定式作表语。)

    I was eager to try new restaurants.
    (分析:“to try new restaurants” 是 ​不定式作宾语,跟在形容词 eager 后面,构成 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 常见搭配,表示“渴望做某事”。)

    ​To eat out was also a social activity,​​
    (分析:本句中,“To eat out” 是 ​不定式短语作主语,表示一个具体的行为或概念;“was” 是系动词;“a social activity” 是表语。结构为:不定式作主语 + 系动词 + 表语。)

    allowing me to enhance the relationship with my friends.​​
    (分析:这部分不是不定式作主语或表语,而是现在分词短语 “allowing…” 作结果状语,补充说明前面主句的内容。“to enhance…” 是 ​不定式作宾语补足语,用在动词 allow 的固定搭配 allow sb. to do sth. 中。)

    I often ate out until last month, when I came across a cooking app.
    (无特别相关语法点,为时间状语从句。)

    There are a variety of recipes in the app to choose from.
    (分析:“to choose from” 是 ​不定式作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 “recipes”,说明这些菜谱是“可供选择的”。虽然不是主语或表语,但也是常见不定式用法。)

    They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.
    (无特别相关语法点,为复合句,含目的状语从句。)

    Most of the recipes include photos or videos, which are very useful for beginners.
    (无特别相关语法点,为非限制性定语从句。)

    When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that ​it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish.​​
    (分析:本句中的 “it was not that difficult to make a simple and tasty dish” 包含一个 ​形式主语结构,其中真正的主语是后面的 ​不定式 “to make a simple and tasty dish”​,而 “it” 是形式主语。结构为:It + be + adj. + 不定式(真正主语)。从功能上看,这里的不定式在句子中扮演了 ​主语的逻辑角色。)

    In the last few weeks, I’ve thrown myself into home cooking, from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.
    (无特别相关语法点,为现在完成时及介词短语列举。)

    I hardly eat out any more.
    (无特别相关语法点。)

    ​Not only is cooking at home cheaper,​​
    (分析:本句中,“cooking at home” 是动名词作主语,不是不定式,但与不定式作主语类似,都表示一个行为概念。如果改成不定式,则可以是 “To cook at home is cheaper”。不过此处是动名词。)

    ​but I can cook exactly what I want.​​
    (无特别相关语法点。)

    ​It’s healthier too.​​
    (无特别相关语法点,但 “It” 可视为形式主语,指代前文提到的“在家做饭”这一行为。)

    No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking!

    ​Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes.​​
    (无特别相关语法点,但 “cooking a couple of dishes” 是动名词作介词 at 的宾语。)

    ​My plan is to invite my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills.​​
    (分析:本句中,“to invite my friends over at the weekend” 是 ​不定式短语作表语,跟在系动词 “is” 后,说明主语 “My plan” 的具体内容。结构为:系动词 is + 不定式作表语。
    另外,“to show them my new-found skills” 是 ​不定式作目的状语,修饰前面的 “invite”,说明邀请的目的是为了展示技能。)

    ​I hope that they will like my cooking!​​
    (无特别相关语法点,为宾语从句。)


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